We can trace the origins of Oracle spatial back to version 7.3 where more than just point data was stored. This was the Spatial Data Option giving us the initials SDO. You see the SDO initials on most spatially related objects and operators to this day.
Over the next couple of versions the product was renamed until settling upon Oracle spatial (in 10g). Spatial operations are performed in the database using SQL, a different syntax maybe, but in the database nonetheless. So it is not an external bolt-on solution.
Spatial is no longer a seperate part of the system and is built in to the system, from locator (spatial lite) in all versions to the full blown Oracle Spatial in Enterprise Edition. Locator allows you to store and index geomeries (points, lines, polygons, 2d shapes, 3d shapes etc...) and perform relationship operations and distance calculations.
Anything else like volume or area, or intersection and union operations require Spatial.
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